April 3, 1973 head of Motorola mobile phone, Martin Cooper, a walk in the center of Manhattan, decided to call on his cell phone. Passers-by were very surprised and did not understand what is happening until the commercial cellular telephony was still 10 years old.
March 6, 1983 has been released world's first commercial portable cellular phone. On this day, Motorola has introduced a device DynaTAC 8000X - the result of 15 years of development, which had spent more than $ 100 million, weighed 794 grams phone and had a size of 33 x 4,4 x 8,9 cm battery charge first mobile phone with LED display on the missing 8 hours of standby time or hour of talk time. The phone was first approved for commercial use by the Federal Communications Commission. In the new retail cost fabulous sums - $ 3.995. However, according to representatives of Motorola, despite the high price, the very idea of being always connected is so encouraged by the users, which in turn purchase DynaTAC 8000X were written thousands of Americans. Prehistory Idea cellular telephone came from the company AT & T Bell Labs in 1946. Then, the firm has created the world's first radiotelephone service: it was a hybrid of phone and radio - with the help of radio stations installed in the car, it was possible to transmit signals to the PBX and make a phone call. Call to cordless occurred much more complicated way: it was necessary to call the subscriber at the telephone exchange and to communicate a phone number assigned to the machine. Speaking at the same time it was impossible to place a link to the normal radio stations at the time - to say, it was necessary to press the button and release it to listen to the reply message. Features wireless phones were limited to: noise and interfere with a small range of the radio station. AT & T, the Americans are offering rental car radios, and cellular telephony has decided to develop in the same style. The device weighs about 12 kg housed in the trunk of a car, remote control and receiver carried in the cabin, but for the antenna had to make a hole in the roof of the car. But the device worked, and its owners do not have to carry weight in your hands. Prior to the 1960s, many companies refused to carry out research in the field of mobile communication, since coming to the conclusion that, in principle, impossible to create a compact mobile phone. They also stopped the experience of AT & T, which in 1947 established a system of "road service" - she offered to businessmen and cordless phones for drivers, making repeated trips between New York and Boston. After five years of this service is shut down due to lack of customers. Network of wireless phones have been established in several cities in the U.S., but in most cases they did not achieve significant commercial success. About ten years AT & T Bell Labs and Motorola research conducted in parallel. Motorola was able to quickly achieve success and victory. The development of the first model of a cell phone she spent 15 years and a huge amount - $ 100 million in April 1973 an engineer Martin Cooper, an employee of Motorola, called from New York's streets to the office of AT & T Bell Labs and asked to phone the head of the research department of Joel Engel . Cooper was holding the first sample of the existing mobile phone and stood near the first cellular antenna installed on one of New York skyscrapers. After that, Cooper went to the press conference organized by Motorola, to report on progress made to journalists. It was the first call made from a cell phone and he, in fact, was the beginning of a new era in telecommunications. True to a portable device is the brainchild of motorollovskoe was little resemblance. As recalled by Martin Cooper, the historical call he made on your phone, similar to the brick. Height 25 cm, thickness and width of about 5 cm The world's first "mobila" weighed about a kilogram - Cooper argues that the constant wearing it in the hands of the much strengthened his muscles. technique was clearly flawed. But its creators had to hurry. The Federal Communications Commission has considered the draft regulations governing the nascent cellular telephony. On the agenda was the allocation of frequencies, a discussion ensued about the allowable capacity. The leaders of Motorola are very afraid that everything will be done for the needs of AT & T. They had to show that the "pedestrian" Cell phones are already there, that they too are players in the market. So, again. April 3, 1973 , while walking through the streets of Manhattan, Martin Cooper made a few calls. What do you think, whom he called in the first place? Of course, competitors. "It was a guy from AT & T, promoter of phones to cars - says Cooper. - His name was Joel Angel. I called him and told him what I call the street, with this" manual "cell phone. I remember what he said. But you know, I heard the creak of his teeth. " "Well there could be heard?" - Asked the reporter. "Just wonderful - the discoverer said. - We had a base station and a mobile phone, so that the hearing was excellent. This is now the operators are trying to shove a huge number of calls in one frequency channel. Naturally, this affects the quality of . " After discussions with competitors of AT & T Cooper began calling reporters. "I made a lot of calls. I remember when I was crossing the street, talking to repoterom radio in New York. - One of the most risky things that I did in my life." In general - a typical PR campaign. task was done, public opinion and stirred the agency profile. AT & T has selected a piece of monopoly. And the first commercial cell phone hit the market just ten years old, March 6, 1983 d . Perhaps no other modern technology for so long made its way to the consumer. Since the creation of new communication technologies and to the receipt of the permit for its commercial use was 37 years old. Motorola pioneered the mass production of mobile phones for a long time became a trendsetter in the world of wireless telephony. The success of mobile phones has been overwhelming. Telephone companies can not provide phone numbers for everyone, because their options were limited by insufficient frequency, power exchanges and the lack of cellular transmitters. For example, the company Bell System, has created its own model of a cell phone for half a year later, Motorola, in 1978 in New York had 545 customers, and 3.7 thousand more stood in line to buy. Across the United States in line to buy 20 thousand customers were Bell System, it was reported that the waiting period may take 5-10 years. However, in 1983 there were an estimated 1 million subscribers in 1990 - 11 million spread Mobile technology has made this service more affordable, high quality and affordable. As a result, according to the International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union, in 1995, there were already 90.7 million owners of cell phones over the next six years their number has increased by more than 10 times - up to 956.4 million as at September 2003 , there were an estimated 1.29 billion users' handsets. " It is assumed that by 2007 their number will almost double and will exceed 2.15 billion.
